Naked Mole Rat Genes Boost Mice Lifespan
Researchers from the University of Rochester have undertaken a significant endeavor, introducing a specific gene associated with enhanced cellular repair and protection into mice. This pursuit holds promising implications for uncovering the intricacies of aging and potentially extending human lifespan.
The basis of this investigation is the intriguing cancer resistance mechanism found in naked mole rats. These rodents, despite their mouse-sized stature, exhibit an exceptional lifespan of up to 41 years, nearly ten times that of similar-sized rodents. As they age, they notably evade common diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and cancer.
Previous research has indicated that HMW-HA (high molecular weight hyaluronic acid) plays a crucial role in naked mole rats' cancer resistance. Their bodies contain approximately ten times more HMW-HA compared to mice and humans. Notably, when HMW-HA was removed from naked mole rat cells, the likelihood of tumor formation increased.
To explore the potential applicability of HMW-HA's positive effects in other animals, the team undertook genetic modifications. They introduced the naked mole rat version of the hyaluronan synthase 2 gene into a mouse model. While all mammals possess the hyaluronan synthase 2 gene, the naked mole rat version appears to be heightened, leading to enhanced gene expression.
The outcome of this genetic alteration was noteworthy. Mice harboring the naked mole rat version of the gene exhibited heightened protection against both spontaneous tumors and chemically induced skin cancer. Moreover, these mice demonstrated overall improved health and extended lifespans compared to their unaltered counterparts. As they aged, mice with the naked mole rat gene exhibited reduced inflammation, a hallmark of aging, and maintained better gut health.
While the underlying mechanisms explaining the advantageous effects of HMW-HA require further exploration, researchers hypothesize that its impact on the immune system regulation contributes significantly.
The implications of this research are far-reaching. It opens doors to investigating how HMW-HA might be harnessed to enhance lifespan and mitigate inflammation-related diseases in humans. Gorbunova emphasizes that their journey has just begun, aiming to translate their findings to practical applications for human benefit. This endeavor could involve strategies to slow HMW-HA degradation or augment its synthesis, offering the potential for extending human healthspan and lifespan.
Feature image source: https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/naked-mole-rat